Importance of consumer centric approach marketing Essay

  A shopper driven methodology is a strategy in promoting that centers around the necessities and needs of an individual purchaser (Kaufmann and Mohammed 302). The methodology doesn't manage clients like the mass market. It makes consistent cooperation with the clients. This is done as such as to get data that causes a business to comprehend what are customers’ desires, observations and wants. By obtaining all the vital data the business can plan new and best systems to build its reliability in the administrations and items. The organizations additionally utilize this way to deal with increment the customer’s fulfillment. The client driven resembles concentrating on what the customers’ esteem throughout everyday life. Subsequent to finding that worth is the point at which the business can commit its endeavors on a specific high worth client fragment. Inner and outer elements related with purchaser driven  According to Jham and Puri (3) there are inside and outer components that influence the shopper driven strategy from distinguishing the customers’ conduct. They make it hard for a business and its buyer to have a communication. The outer variables are the natural impacts and the inner components are the individual contrasts. The outer factors, for example, social class, individual impact, mentalities and family: confuse the consumer’s choices (Jham and Puri 3). The interior elements incorporate; inspiration information, character, mentalities, way of life, consumers’ assets and qualities. They additionally influence the consumer’s choices. The purchaser asset as a component of inside variables; ponders time and cash. It is hard to set up a communication with the purchaser on the off chance that the person isn't monetarily steady. The most significant factor is conduct. The greater part of the customer’s can purchase the item out of accommodation not on the grounds that they put stock in the brand. For what reason do we have to concentrate on buyers?   The clients are significant in a business. They are the ones who decide the achievement of any association. At the point when an association center around customer fulfillment; it turns out to be anything but difficult to locate some metric that it can use to improve its business. Be that as it may, it likewise turns out to be anything but difficult to deal with the selling of the items and administrations. Focusing on purchasers has focal points to the business. It enables the business to distinguish the consumer’s reliability (Beard 1). The consumers’ demonstrations like promoters in a business. They can enable the business to develop. A fulfilled client can impart to others the integrity of the item or an assistance. This assistance increment the pace of customers in a specific business. They resemble little advertisers or â€Å"evangelists.† Unhappy client results to a danger of losing numerous purchasers in the business. This is a result of the negati ve verbal.   Concentrating on purchaser help bring separation (Beard 1). A market is a serious spot that each business battles to get more clients. So as to prevail in this sort of condition one have to center consumer loyalty. The client can just decide to connect with the business that fulfills them. They locate that sort of organizations interesting and unique in relation to other people. Consumer loyalty lessens Churning. Poor administrations make clients need to encounter items from the contenders. An ensured client doesn't think that its important to encounter the nature of different items. In a business, it is over the top expensive and hard to obtain new clients. The association may spend assets on showcasing and adverts to get more clients. The best choice to keep away from these conditions is by holding clients through fulfillment. It is the main path for a business to succeed. Purchaser driven in organizations  Customer driven advertising is utilized by numerous organizations on the planet today. The organizations that utilization this methodology become proficient on approaches to upgrade their items and administrations. In any case, the buyer driven organizations have more characteristics contrasted with others. They are available. The clients think that its simple to associate with them. They are responsive. They can connect with their clients by various channels and react to their recommendations and necessities. Client driven promoting (CRM) has been updated into eCRM in numerous organizations (Kaufmann and Mohammed 302). The advances in the innovation have changed the way shoppers such for data of the items they need. The old CRM didn't fulfill the necessities all things considered.  With the assistance of the new innovation both eCRM with customary CRM are presently utilized by organizations to improve purchaser quality help guidelines. The eCRM is another instrument being utilized by numerous organizations to upgrade their showcasing aptitudes. This is on the grounds that it permits moving of data across channels through the information driven devices. The organizations that utilization eCRM can build purchaser fulfillment, their administrations and steadfastness. Be that as it may, some of them have expanded online sell through this new innovation. Client driven organizations have enormous piece of the pie contrasted with others. This is on the grounds that they can connect the market through â€Å"customer satisfaction.† This is significant thing. Different organizations that don't have CRM have little piece of the overall industry. The business can just have an enormous piece of the overall industry by being the core of the buyers. Idea of relationship advertising in customer driven methodology   Relationship advertising is an idea in the business identified with Consumer-driven promoting. Its fundamental plan is to accomplish the consumer’s dependability. The methodology ensures the organizations have communication and long haul commitment with the customers (Learning business 1). The methodology permits open correspondence with clients and gives them data appropriate for their requirements. It causes the business to build up a passionate association or relationship with the client. This methodology is same as the buyer driven. It manages dedication and building up a decent collaboration with the shoppers. It has a similar plan of fulfilling customers. The techniques utilized in relationship advertising apply in CRM. They use strategies, for example, promoting efforts. This can be utilized by the CRM to advance associations, the items, exceptional offers and the brand.  Methods, for example, serious costs, brilliant client administrations and quality items are basic in furnishing a decent connection with the clients (Learning showcasing 1). They lead to best purchaser customer relationship. They are the best techniques for holding clients in a business. Nonetheless, the relationship advertising checking techniques used to guarantee consumer loyalty are proper for CRM. Individual meeting by utilization of polls or calls is ideal to discover shoppers see with respect to items and administrations. The puzzle customers can likewise be applied. They incorporate proposal boxes, online reviews. Client grievances and customers’ general remarks are additionally significant. They help business know where they remain in the market. The CRM help the business to concoct the best market division. It is on the grounds that they can know the necessities of every person in a specific region. The attack of promoting offering in buyer driven methodology  Marketing offering is fitting when utilizing the buyer driven methodology. It is on the grounds that it manages extra qualities to the clients (Hunt 1). So as to convey qualities, for example, accessibility, specialized help, advantageous conveyance or quality assistance; CRM is the correct methodology. It manages keeping up a decent connection with the buyers. Adding the qualities to CRM enables the purchasers to be progressively faithful and trust the items or administrations. The contribution showcasing fits in the CRM in light of the fact that before it is done. The business needs to comprehend customers’ significant components. They help comprehend if the items are steady or advantageous. The accommodation demonstrations like a differentiator between the qualities offered to that of the contenders. The contributions are determinants whether the client can purchase from a specific organization or not. They additionally include the client care like the CRM. On the off c hance that a business reacts to the solicitation of clients promptly; it gives them certainty. End   Customer-driven is a decent methodology for business. It empower build up a decent connection between the business and buyers. Be that as it may, it reacts to clients demand which a significant perspective. Consumer loyalty is a significant thing. Buyers decide the development of the business. They are advocates. A business that rehearses purchaser fulfillment has a serious separation. Anyway they don't encounter agitating since their administrations and items are persuading than others. CRM is identified with the relationship advertise. This methodologies are keen on customers’ dedication. They are approaches that help the business gain a huge piece of the overall industry. Customers’ are constantly pulled in with fulfillment than some other thing in the item or administration. Reference Facial hair, R. Why consumer loyalty is significant (6 reasons). (2014). Recovered on 27th February 2015. < http://blog.clientheartbeat.com/why-consumer loyalty is-significant/> Chase, Shelby D. Marketing Theory: Foundations, Controversy, Strategy, Resource-Advantage Theory. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2010. Print. Jham, Vimi, and Sandeep Puri. Cases on Consumer-Centric Marketing Management. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference, 2014. Web resource.Kaufmann, Hans R, and Mohammad F. A. K. Panni. Customer-driven Marketing Strategies: Tools for Building Organizational Performance. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference, 2013. Print. Getting the hang of advertising. (2014). Relationship showcasing. Recovered on 27th February 2015.< http://www.learnmarketing.net

Macbeth †Directing Act 2 Scenes 1 and 2 Essay

From the director’s perspective, this scene is emotional in view of the effect on Macbeth’s choice in Act 1 scene seven. In this scene Macbeth nearly concludes that he has convinced himself not to murder the ruler, yet his significant other Lady Macbeth has different plans and powers him into a choice that will prompt the passing of the lord. This influences the two scenes I will be coordinating in light of the fact that in these two scenes the choice is tried when Macbeth slaughters the ruler. So I need to coordinate the two critical scenes that see the lord killed by Macbeth. The setting for act two scene one is in Macbeths manor. It is dull and Banquo and Fleance are in the patio talking about what time of day it is, and with regards to whether it is past 12 PM or not. They work out what time it is by checking whether the moon is down, and afterward the candles are smothered. Presently it is now enormous whirlwinds are heard yelling all through the château with thunder and lightning conflicting down around the crowd. Owls are heard calling and all way of nightlife is heard. This impact is utilized with the goal that the crowd are made extreme and unconscious concerning what's going on straightaway and to make strain. The sounds would be accomplished through audio effects being played over the speakers and sharp, fresh lighting would be utilized to represent the lightning. A foundation tune will be played gently to make a disposition so startling it will keep the crowds fixed to the phase from the edges of their seats. At the point when Macbeth meets Banquo, Macbeth reveals to him that he is upset for not being as acceptable a host as normal and Banqou consoles Macbeth that he has been a great host to the lord. At that point he raises the subject of the witches. He says that he longed for the unusual sisters the prior night, and tells Macbeth â€Å"To you they have indicated some truth.† Macbeth answers, â€Å"I consider not them†, which is a purposeful falsehood. The facts confirm that we haven’t heard him notice the witches, however he has been considering nothing aside from how to make the predictions work out as expected. In the event that I was the chief I would present Macbeth by letting him enter from right and to stroll on discreetly, guilefully in certainty with just delicate dull lighting to mimic the moon light. He would be wearing a long dark coverall to speak to the reality he was vexed or in lament that he was going to submit an awful deed. The dark would be utilized on the grounds that it is customarily the shade of the night and Macbeth needed to mix out of spotlight and move like the night all together not to be spotted or taken note. Banquo would be wearing red jeans and a silver lightweight vest made out of steel with the engraved cross of Scotland on the vest. He would be wearing a cleaned steel head protector with a blade put perfectly in its pocket, left holding tight the earthy colored calfskin belt affixed around his midsection. He would likewise have a lance in his grasp with a long shaft that would likewise be utilized as a mobile stick. He would be dressed like this on the grounds that as a general ensuring Duncan lord of Scotland he would be relied upon to wear the rulers best military uniform. As a chief I would anticipate that Macbeth should convey his lines to Banquo in an anxious way. I would have him falter and tangle up his words he would likewise shock and respite in mid-sentence to give the impression to the crowd he is uncertain and anxious with respect to the wrongdoing he is going to submit. The lighting in this piece of the play as I have just addressed would be dull yet fresh to make a feeling of environment and to make a state of mind, which would enable Macbeth, to convey his lines. The torchlight the worker would convey now would be very sharp and a sparkling impact would be utilized to make the fire impact. Macbeths outward appearances would be rare on the grounds that I would need him to be pale and clear confronted with the goal that it seemed as though he had different things at the forefront of his thoughts, increasingly significant and perilous things. At the opening of Act 2 scene two, Lady Macbeth is remained close to Duncan’s room trusting that Macbeth will return. Now, I would need to accentuate the wrongdoing that is going to be submitted and to make solid pressure between the crowd and the stage. In a perfect world the crowd would be sitting centered, eyes fixed on the occasions and I would need them to feel a feeling of peril and selling out the second Macbeth kills the King. The impacts used to make this inclination would be unexpected cold whirlwinds lashing through the crowd. A solid whirlwind would slide quickly along the outside of the stage making a dull smelly climate. Sharp lightning would be seen shocking over the phase with profound impacts of roar to follow. Woman Macbeth would be wearing a long silk red dress to speak to selling out and coerce despite the fact that she doesn't show any. At the point when Macbeth comes back with the blades, I figure it would be an emotional second, so I would decided to have an amazing spotlight concentrating on Macbeth as he lurches over the smoke filled stage to his better half. My choice for this is I might want the entire crowd to be fixed to Macbeth’s each development. I would need this since I would need the crowd just to consider him and the wrongdoing that he was simply dedicated. Cosmetics would be utilized on Macbeth to make him appear as though a phantom he would be totally white with the exception of the little runs of red all over that would speak to the rulers blood. His hands and the region around his abdomen would be totally shrouded in blood to give the feeling that he had hacked the ruler to pieces. At the opening of act two scene one, Macbeth is sure that he is prepared to execute the ruler. At the point when he lies to Banquo that he has given no more idea to the witches forecasts, he ought to convey these lines with a specific stammer including rehashing and passing up a great opportunity a few words. He would likewise stop and shock in mid sentence. I figure he ought to talk like this since it makes the crowd think he isn't certain about what he is going to do and he isn’t sure concerning whether he can or not. At the point when Macbeth daydreams he feels that there is a blade before him and he connects for it and obviously can’t handle it. Macbeth isn't sure, and ponders whether it is ‘A blade of the psyche, a bogus creation’. In the event that I was the chief, I would make Macbeth state these words with certainty then I would make him sound confounded regarding what he was stating. To give the impression his brain was thinking one thing however p resence of mind was considering something different. As Macbeth talks about the ‘bloody business’ and how ‘ devilish dreams misuse/the curtained sleep,’ he shows up substantially more certain. To show this, I would make him beginning of murmuring the lines at that point gradually expanding the sound so when he had conveyed the lines he was shouting them from the housetops. I would anticipate that his face should be clear, a dim spotlight would be sparkling on him, as he began yelling his lines he would grin and the spotlight would be turned up, in the long run when he had completed Macbeth would be grinning, and the spotlight would be sparkling splendidly. After Macbeth has killed the ruler and he comes back with the bleeding blades, he is by all accounts anxious and restless. His rehashed question ‘who’s there? What ho?’ demonstrates this. I would show this by causing Macbeth to talk his lines in a moderate, shallow lofty voice with the words streaming gradually in a steady progression with a short quiet interruption between each valuable word. Macbeth considers the tremendousness of the wrongdoing that has been submitted, and is alarmed, as he realizes that he can never be pardoned. He focuses on how he was unable to state ‘Amen’ after the homicide, and how he felt that they heard a voice cry ‘ List’ning their dread, I would not say ‘Amen’, when they said ‘God favor us.’ To make this point increasingly emotional, I would decided to make Macbeths voice cry daintily and sharp regular drops of water would be seen stumbling into his jawline and dribbling onto the stage. It would seem like he was in torment with unexpected screeches lashing through the crowd as if he needs everybody to encounter the deplorable torment that he is experiencing. After the homicide, Macbeth says ‘I am hesitant to think what I have done/look on’t again I dare not.’ Perhaps Macbeth feels certifiable regret for his wrongdoing, or possibly he is progressively apprehensive about what will befall his spirit when he kicks the bucket. I believe that he shows some real regret since I think where it counts he didn’t need to slaughter Duncan however was in certainty talked into by his better half and has now seen the mistake of his ways. I could show this by making him drop to his knees and grasping his head shouting out for benevolence from God. In act two scene one, I would decide to have Banquo to talk in a harsh yet worn out way, as he is Macbeth’s companion. I would demonstrate to the crowd that he is straightforward by ensuring that he is looking steadfast and commendable alongside pleased and upstanding when he is addressing another character. All through the scenes, Lady Macbeth is uncovered to be quiet and determined. At the point when Macbeth comes back from the area of the homicide, he says ‘ I heard the owl shout and the crickets cry. Didn't you speak?’. I would mirror her dispassionate state by having her talk pleasantly; delicate and calm. Her eyes would think about as whether she were considering something totally extraordinary. Woman Macbeth appears to be poorly worried about her significant other when he discusses his failure to rest. She cautions him ‘You do unbend your honorable solidarity to think/so cerebrum of things.’ ‘ Why did you bring these knifes from the spot? They should lie there: go convey them, and smear the sluggish grooms with blood.’ If I were the executive, I would give her bothering by addressing her with a sudden mocking voice with a tone that proposes that she’s addressing a simpleton. She will snap and growl at Ma

An Issue Of Substance Abuse and Pregnancy - Free Essay Example

Substance Abuse and Pregnancy Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that presents in newborns after birth when transfer of harmful substances from the mother to the fetus abruptly stops at the time of delivery (NAS TASK FORCE MEMBERS, 2017).   NAS is a result of mothers who use opioids, benzodiazepines and alcohol. Mothers who look for help to save their babies and mothers who do not look for help. In Indiana there are hundreds of babies who are born from a mother who is or was addicted to drugs and used while they were pregnant. Some of these women are on legal opioids yet still give birth to NAS babies. These babies have a wide range of symptoms that last weeks and sometimes years after birth. The problem is helping these women before they get pregnant. In 2016 there were 83,063 births in Madison County, out of those, 5,876 were from teens (Health, 2017). Throughout history men and women have always been treated differently. Men are looked at with more forgiving eyes and women are shamed. When it comes to addictions it is a fact that women and mothers are treated dreadfully, and men get praised in some cases or just a slap on the wrist. Mothers who are addicted to drugs or alcohol have to not only overcome their addictions, they also have the added stress from having their children taken away from them. Then prosecutors start charging them with criminal acts (Buck, 2017). These mothers really do not have a fair chance. In most cases, the legal system ignores the fact they are mothers and that some are very young who were not taught and shown how to be a parent let alone be a clean and sobor parent. In the early years women were in charge of teaching their daughters to be a home maker, wife and mother. Throughout the years this has been slowly lost from generation to generation. Women are now working just as hard as men, if not harder and some feel it is not important to teach their children the importance of sobriety and motherhood. Most of these women already come from poor families and all they know is what they see in their homes and in their neighborhoods. What does this mean? Simply put, parents ate the mirror for the child.   The mother gazes at the baby in her arms and the baby gazes at his mothers face and in the process finds himself therein (Miller, 2017). When children grow up in bad neighborhoods where there is nothing but illicit drug activities, then chances are that the child is only going to know that drug activity and illegal lifestyle that comes with it. This is our mirrors, and the reflections are not good. In 2017, drug use among teens have decreased but there is still so many who need help. According to a report from a recovery center website, eighth grade teens went from 13.1% in 1996 to 5.8% in 2017, tenth grade was 18.4% in 1996 to 9.4% in 2017 and finally twelfth grade teens were 21.6% in 2001 to 13.3% in 2017 (The Recovery Village, n.d.). Yes, these numbers look good because they have decreased, yet this is not figuring in marijuana use and the number of those who have not been reported in these figures.   Nor do these figures include the legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco. We need to get these numbers to less than 1% or zero. The fact is that the United States released a report that states over 320,000 babies are born exposed to alcohol and illicit drugs while in the uterus; a far larger number have been exposed, in utero to sedatives and nicotine each year (The Gale Group Inc., 2001). They continue to say that the recognition of these babies parallels the dramatic increa se in the drug use by women since the 1970s (The Gale Group Inc., 2001). This is not just alcohol and tobacco, it is all drugs licit and illicit. Every year it seems that more and more babies are being delivered going through withdrawal symptoms from these drugs. The mothers are of varying age, ethnicity, and financial status. The predictions for how many babies will be born with NAS are unknown. The state Department of Health just recently started trying to determine the extent of the perinatal drug use in Indiana (Bruce, 2017). This started in 2016 and only scored four hospitals because they had rates of twice the national average,   (Bruce, 2017) at the time of this article it has expanded to twenty-six hospitals in Indiana. As of February 2018, Indiana University launched Phase One projects for statewide addictions initiative (Indiana University, 2018). In Bloomington Indiana the IU school of Nursing Dean and Distinguished Professor Tobin Newhouse announced the Phase One projects of the Responding to the Addictions Crisis Grand Challenges initiative (Indiana University, 2018). In this initiative Newhouse explains how there will be 16 projects that will expand the states ability to identify and treat addiction to creating a database on o pioid use. Weve seen a steady increase in NAS over the past five years, yet we dont know how effective we are at treating mothers and their babies with this condition, said Indiana University School of Medicine associate professor Sarah Wiehe. Wiehe is going to focus her research to see how to improve the health of the mothers and NAS babies (Indiana University, 2018).   Not all NAS babies are from illicit drug use. There are some cases that involve mothers who are on prescription pain management who also give birth to these babies. These women and girls do not purposely take harmful drugs while pregnant. They are in real pain for one reason or another such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and other medical conditions that cause chronic pain. In a class on Problems with Substance Abuse, a video from YouTube was part of the assignment. The name of this video is When I use, We both Lose that was published by the user going by Prevent Child Abuse. It talks about both illicit and licit drug use and the effects on these newborn babies. Some of the information is well known, however there is a cause for alarm as they explained that pain management physicians and their offices were not telling these mothers that the pain medications would cause their babies harm if used on a daily basis (Prevent Child Abuse , 2013).   Is this practice still happening in 2018? This answer has been elusive at this point. In conclusion Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a serious problem and needs to be controlled. Some of the issues are too many women and young girls using drugs and other substance that will harm them and their unborn child. There needs to be better education for the young women who are still in school. Try to get them to understand that drugs are not healthy, and they can have better lives without them. Also that if they have to be on prescription medications, learn how to use them wisely and check for interactions and precautions. If these are not accessible, they should ask without fear. Health insurance companies call specific patients (ex. Diabetics, cancer and so forth) to check on them and get updates as their current medication regiment. Women and young girls usually see doctors and have medical insurance, whether it is state or private. These companies are already making these calls for those who are ill, why not for those about to give new life. My hopes is to work with addictions and young people, either separate or apart. I would enjoy teaching a class or two for young teen girls or boys the importance of abstaining while pregnant. I have a couple of family members who have lost their way to drugs and my husband has lost a brother. I have always been interested in helping and as I got older this has not changed but it has become more focused.   References Bruce, G. (2017, Sep 27). Babies are being born addicted to opioids in Indiana at alarming rates. Help isnt always available. Retrieved from New York Times: https://www.nwitimes.com/news/special-section/opioids-in-nwi/babies-are-being-born-addicted-to-opioids-in-indiana-at/article_baa97c4c-d4f8-5f2c-b4d4-5c1fe44534e2.html Buck, S. (2017, Jan 5). History was not kind to drug-addicted mothers, but that started to change in the 1980s. Retrieved from Timeline: https://timeline.com/addiction-treatment-mothers-ba851f218f19 Catanzarite, M. (2016, Feb. 15). Study: Indiana teen pregnancies down, child abuse deaths up. Retrieved from WNDU Channel 16: https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Study-Indiana-teen-pregnancies-down-first-time-child-abuse-cases-up-368868421.html Health, I. S. (2017). Madison County Indiana. Retrieved from Stats Indiana : https://www.stats.indiana.edu/profiles/profiles.asp?scope_choice=acounty_changer=18095 Indiana University. (2018, Feb 5). Indiana University launches Phase One projects for statewide addictions initiative. Retrieved from Indiana University News: https://news.iu.edu/stories/2018/02/iu/releases/05-phase-one-projects-for-statewide-addictions-initiative.html Miller, A. (2017, Feb 16). Zen and the Lost Art of Motherhood. Retrieved from There Is A Door: https://thereisadoor.blogspot.com/2017/02/zen-and-lost-art-of-motherhood.html NAS TASK FORCE MEMBERS. (2017). NAS TASK FORCE RESPONSE TO SB 408. NAS TASK FORCE MEMBERS. Retrieved from https://www.wthr.com/sites/wthr.com/files/2017-Neonatal_Abstinence_Syndrome_Report_Final_Report.pdf Prevent Child Abuse . (2013, Oct 29). When I Abuse, We Both Lose. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCR9haxtF6kfeature=youtu.be Salas-Wright, C. P., Vaughn, M. G., Ugalde, J., Todic, J. (2015, June). Substance Use and Teen Pregnancy in the United States: Evidence from the NSDUH 2002-2012. Retrieved from NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374013/ The Gale Group Inc. (2001). Addicted Babies. Retrieved from Encyclopedia: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/addicted-babies The Recovery Village. (n.d.). Teen Drug Abuse Statistics Facts. Retrieved from The Recovery Village: https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/teen-addiction/#gref

Frederick Douglass, An African American Reformer,...

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an African American social reformer, abolitionist, and writer. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born into slavery in Talbot County, Maryland on February1818 and he died on February 20, 1895. And was named by his mother, Harriet Bailey. But the exact date of Douglass birth is unknown. After escaping from slavery, he becomes a leader of the abolitionist movement. He know that as a living counter is a example to slave holders augments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to the function as independent American citizens. He was known as the narrative of the life of American slaves. His dialogue was â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it†. He was of mixed race, which included Native American on his mother side as well as African and European. He is author and narrates of the Narrative. Douglass has always thinking about views regarding the slave owner’s interpretation of Chris tianity. He is the rhetorically skilled and spirited man is a abolitionist movement. He talks about the religion, Resistance, Coming of age, the importance of friendships, the poverty of slavery, and the abuse of women. Frederick Douglass was known as both the narrator and the protagonist, and he quite play role in these two different roles. He was uneducated, oppressed slaves to worldly and articulated political commentator. DouglassShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass926 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Life of Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, written by himself, was published in 1845. Frederick Douglass is one of the most celebrated writers in the African American literary history, and his first autobiography is one of the most widely read slave narratives. 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Douglass was one of the few noteworthy heroes who arose from the evils of slavery and impacted the United States and the world in significant ways. After escaping from slavery, he became known for his astounding oratory skills and remarkable antislavery writing. He became an important leader of the abolitionistRead MoreFrederick Douglass : An African American Activist, Writer, And Poli tical Leader1892 Words   |  8 PagesFrederick Augustus Washington Bailey, who later changed his name to Frederick Douglass, was born February 1818 and died February 20, 1895 was an African-American social activist, abolitionist, orator, writer, and political leader. After evading from vassalage in Maryland, he became a public driver of the abolitionist motion from Massachusetts and New York, convenient character for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writings. In his time he was described by abolitionists as a living contrasted-specimenRead MoreThe Anti Slavery Movement By William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur And Lewis Tappan1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Anti-Slavery Movement began to take shape in 1833. William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and other members gathered in Philadelphia and formed the American Anti-Slavery Society. The group was created to provide perspective into slavery. Through the use of almanacs containing poems, drawings, essays, and other mat erial, the Anti-Slavery Society was able to illustrate the horrors slavery. Through the distribution of these almanacs, people were shown the types of struggles and horrorsRead MoreHarriet Jacobs Vs. Douglas1263 Words   |  6 PagesTamera Buckner Ashley Morgan ENG 1013 D3 25 2/21/2016 Harriet Jacobs vs Fredrick Douglas Slavery was one of the most tragic memories known for in the black race. Slavery is the process at which an African American is purchased by a Caucasian who is used for exhausting labor work such as picking cotton, or tending to house work and being restricted from freedom. All of the slaves were used and abused physically, mentally, and emotionally. In some cases abuse was the death of many of those slaves

The Parable Of The Good Samaritan - 830 Words

I have decided to lock my doors so no one would interrupt me, and I have told everyone in my household that I am working on a very important assignment. I have confined myself in my room turned off every electronics to keep myself from free of distraction. The direction required me to read the Parable of the Good Samaritan in at least two different versions of the Bible. Therefore, I decided to read this passage with New International Version, The Message by Eugene Peterson, English Standard Version, and Korean Revised Version. I decided to read in Korean as well because I wanted to have better verbatim understanding of the passage. After reading the passage for three times in each version, I reflected on my role as a Christian and my understanding of a neighbor. Reading through this passage, the definition of neighbor for me is one who is in need of help. My role as a Christian is embedded in Luke 10:37. In the passage, a man who was attacked by robbers needed help. The neighbor to the wounded man in the passage was â€Å"The one who had mercy on him† (Luke 10:37, NIV). In this translation of the Bible, the role of the neighbor is one who have mercy on others. When I reflect on the word â€Å"mercy†, I think about God’s Grace on us. Paul writes in Ephesians 2:4-5 that â€Å"But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been savedâ€Å" (ESV). God showed his mercyShow MoreRelatedThe Parable Of The Good Samaritan883 Words   |  4 PagesDesir Loving the neighbor, the secret to eternal life. A compassionate heart to all In the parable of the good Samaritan, Jesus message is that in order to receive eternal life, one must truly and impartially love and care for all human beings, even one’s enemies. The truth neighbor What should be done to inherit eternal life? Such question asked by a lawyer to Jesus prompted the parable of the good Samaritan. A story that begins with a lawyer who tries to put Jesus to the test by asking him questionsRead MoreThe Parable of the Good Samaritan840 Words   |  3 PagesA parable is simply a metaphor or simile. Parables are drawn from nature or common life and are both vivid and strange (Dodd, 1961 in Dowling, 2010, p. 20). They leave the mind in â€Å"sufficient doubt about its precise application to tease it into active thought† (Dodd, 1961 in Dowling, 2010, p. 20). In the Parable of the Good Samaritan, a lawyer who aims to challenge Jesus and clarify things for himself, asks Jesus a number of questions. The lawyer asks Jesus a key question, â€Å"Who is my neighbour?†Read MoreThe Good Samaritan Parable Assignment865 Words   |  4 PagesXela Fry Box #181 Professor Luther The Gospels Good Samaritan Parable Assignment 11.3.17 Observations are attached. The Good Samaritan parable is something you hear a lot in the â€Å"Christian society.† For me, being trained in being a lifeguard, I have that responsibility of being a â€Å"good Samaritan† in a time of need. The parable of this, located in Luke, gives Christians almost an expectation to others. The narrative outside of the parable includes when Jesus sends out the seventy-two. He wouldRead MoreThe New Testament Of Jesus Christ The Savior930 Words   |  4 PagesStarting in the years of Jesus Christ the savior, a parable is a widely used term in the Christian religion. A parable is known as a story mainly used in the New Testament of Christianity. The purpose of a parable is to portray some kind of moral meaning or to teach a lesson. This is commonly done in the New Testament with a reading from one of the Apostles. These parables, commonly found in the scriptures were usually told by Matthew, Mark, Luke or John, four of the apostles. The main focus wasRead MoreExege sis on the Story of the Good Samaritan832 Words   |  4 Pagesmeant to the Jews in Jesus’ time. The first step in understanding the story of the Good Samaritan is to understand the relationship between the Jews and the Samaritans of the time. The Samaritans were considered unclean by the Jews, because they saw the Samaritans as a corruption of God’s chosen people, therefore the Jews were not supposed to make contact with the Samaritans whatsoever. Not only were the Samaritans considered unclean, the Jews would have seen them as hostile to themselves. The conflictRead MoreThe Kingdom Of God Is Not A Physical Place1535 Words   |  7 Pagesconnection with God, we must live in God’s image by building a strong foundation of faith, being humble, and separating ourselves from the distractions of worldly pleasures. When does a son inherit his father’s wealth? When the father dies. In the parable of the Prodigal Son, the youngest son indirectly wishes his father dead by asking for his dividend of the property. How can the youngest son enter the Kingdom of God, if his virtues direct him away from loving God? Even though the son â€Å"squanderedRead MoreCool1344 Words   |  6 Pagesexclusive and conditional. Phileo is soul love, and it’s strength and value will depend on the elevation of the soul of the bearer. Question 2. Relate and give the meaning of the parable which demonstrates love as a way of caring. {10 marks} A parable that best demonstrates love as a way of caring is,’The Good Samaritan’. The parable tells of a man traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho, and while on the way he is robbed of everything he had, including his clothing, and is beaten to within an inch of hisRead MoreChristian Ethics : The Bible870 Words   |  4 Pageseach and every day that we have on Earth. He wants us to value every relationship and every individual. The three most memorable Biblical passages that we discussed this year were are the Sermon on the Mountain, Jesus’s teaching ministry, and the Good Samaritan. The Sermon on the Mountain is a part of the New Testament in which Jesus travels through Galilee and the surrounding areas, teaching the word of God to those he met and healing the blind and sick. Jesus told the people of Israel to put theirRead MoreJesus Presentation of His Teachings Through Parables Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesJesus Presentation of His Teachings Through Parables The word parable comes from the Greek word parabole, meaning a comparison or analogy. A parable has also been described as an earthly story with a heavenly meaning. Some of Jesus parables are comparisons as they compare what is known and familiar on earth with the Kingdom of God, which is spiritual and less familiar. For example, in a parable in Luke 13:20 Jesus says The Kingdom of God is likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a womanRead MoreThe Parable Of The Lost Sheep1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe parable of the Lost Sheep indicates the shepherd left ninety-nine sheep to find the one lost sheep. Why would Jesus teach to leave ninety-nine sheep for only one lost sheep? Was there another shepherd in-training to look after the ninety-nine or how long was the shepherd gone? Questions our mere mortal minds of 2017 try to answer using current culture ideals. Too often, this generation of believers get bogged down in the details and not the message of the parables. Jesus taught using parables

Decision Theory In Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Question: Describe about a Decision Theory In Sustainable Supply Chain Management? Answer: Introduction Business Intelligence and Analytics is used as a forecasting and planning tool that is used by the individuals in their business that is using historical data to achieve insight into the future. This tool is an expected business competency to improve the effectiveness of decision-making (Kuznetsov 2014). The enterprises are establishing competency in business intelligence such as decision modeling as well as support for the executives, workers, and managers to take effective actions in the business circumstances. The report analyzes the impact of business intelligence and analytics to improve business decision making and managing business knowledge. It reflects on various types of decisions that are taken in the business environment for making a decision. The business intelligence system utilizes to provide correct decisions to the users using five analytics. This report gives the benefits of modern business to employ the use of intelligent techniques in decision-making and knowledge management. Finally, it discusses on the systems which are used to improve enterprise-wide knowledge management that helps people working in groups make a decision more efficiently. Findings and Analysis Analyzing the decision making process in an organization using six elements of business environment In the business environment of an organization, different types of decisions are to be taken for decision-making. The senior management takes strategic decisions, which is complex as well as multi-dimensional (Post and Kagan 2012). It involves a large amount of money, which has a long-term impact on the business environment; therefore, it affects the direction of the whole business. The long-term forecasts of the business turnover is set against the market conditions of the business, which help to determine if the business runs, or not (Laudon and Laudon 2011). The senior management analyzes the internal and external environment of the business that helps to recognize the characteristics of the companys products and resources. As in an organization, different levels of management are there within the business environment; therefore the senior and middle manager takes tactical decisions. It involves significant resources, which have medium-term implications on the business operations (Brijs 2013). When a misguided strategy enters into a wrong direction, then it leads to failure of the business. Mainly, these decisions are directed towards developing structuring workflows, divisional plans and distribution channels. The business environment depends on its operational decisions. The middle and first line manager takes this decision, which involves resources that are more limited and have a short-term application (Yogev, Even and Fink 2013). The operational decisions are taken that help the manager to take informed as well as rational decisions. Even the information system requires focusing on the technique of managerial type of decision-making. Business intelligence and analytics need strong database system and analytics tools that are used to analyze the business data using the six elements. Azevedo and Santos (2012) opined that firstly data such as structured as well as unstructured data are required to be incorporated as well as planned from different types of sources such as mobile devices as well as the internet. Those data are used for human decision makers. The business intelligence structure consists of a database system is required to capture all the business process data (Laudon and Lau don 2011). The data are stored in transactional databases, and it is incorporated into enterprise data warehouse. The business analytics tools are required to analyze the data as well as produce the reports that should track the development of the business using key performance indicators. Figure 1: Business Intelligence and Analytics for Decision Support (Source: Azevedo and Santos 2012, pp-41) The managers uses strategic business goals to measure the progress of the business by using BI and BA tools (Caraganciu 2013). The delivery platforms are Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS) and Executive Support System (ESS), which results from BI as well as BA to be delivered to each and everyone within the firm (Brijs 2013). The information is delivered to different people at all levels such as middle manager, senior executives, and operational employees. The visual techniques such as dashboards as well as scorecards are used to present the BI and BA outcomes. The data are available on iPhones, mobile handsets and the web portal of the firms (Post and Kagan 2012). BA software posts the information on Facebook and Twitter to support decision making for the online group. Problems in decision making process is solved by five analytics outputs to provide real time information Business intelligence and analytics deliver accurate as well as real time information to the decision makers using the five analytic functionalities that the BI system delivers are as follows: Production reports: The production reports of the organization are based on different industry specified requirements (Caraganciu 2013). Functional areas of Business Production reports Marketing Market-based analysis, loyalty, attrition, and campaign effectiveness. Sales Sales forecast, sales cycle times and sales team performance. Financials Accounts receivable, cash flow and general ledger. Service Resolution rate and customer satisfaction. Procurement and support Supplier performance, direct and indirect spending and off-contract purchases. Human resources Compensation, the productivity of employee and retention. Supply chain Fulfillment status, order cycle time and bills of materials. Table 1: Production reports of different industry (Source: Caraganciu 2013, pp- 69) Parameterized reports: The users are entering various parameters in a pivot table in order to filter the data as well as separate the impacts of the parameters. Dashboards: These are the tools used to present the presentation data presented by the users. Ad hoc query: It allows the users to build their reports based on the queries as well as searches (Kuznetsov 2014). Forecasts and models: It has the capability to perform forecasting using what-if-scenario analysis, and the data are analyzed using standard statistical tools. Business intelligence and analytics helps to maintain the business goals as well as targets by guiding the timely strategic decisions. Interaction with the customers by using voice calls, email, and chats are used to analyze the business intelligence gathering teams (Foshay, Boyle and Mather 2013). Reporting which is based on timely information helps the companies to determine the performance of their business processes. Business intelligence and analytics help the company to make more informed decisions on the strategic issues (Laudon and Laudon 2011). It is analyzed by providing critical information on both recent and historical performance of the business organization with their future trends, demands as well as customer behavior. Predictive analytics is the business intelligence applications used for decision making by all varieties of employees such as finance as well as marketing. As for example, predictive analysis is used in the credit card industry in order to recognize the customers who are at risk of leaving (Caraganciu 2013). In the dealer services, predictive analytics is used to screen the potential customers. This model reviews the data such as the size of the dealer, number of locations, patterns of payment as well as inventory practices. Benefits of modern business to employ the use of intelligent techniques in decision-making and knowledge management The modern business is benefited by the use of business intelligence techniques for decision-making and knowledge management. The modern business gets benefited by implementing BI in the business, it provides targeted information at the accurate place as well as time is central to improve the process of decision-making (Kanetkar and Chanchlani 2014). It allows the business organization to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Data warehouse achieves the individual knowledge and spreads that knowledge in such a manner that it ensures the business its accessibility (Caron and Daniels 2013). The techniques of knowledge discovery are online analytical processing as well as data mining though its supports the management of the explicit knowledge. It masters the hidden knowledge of the users in making decisions. BI system enables to make faster decisions, which makes the business more responsive towards threats as well as opportunities. It enables the fast decisions from various sources in common reports (Kuznetsov 2014). It saves the time of the users from manually combining data into the spreadsheets. It also reduces the response time of the system by using fast data aggregation. Business Intelligence in knowledge management technologies has the ability to process as well as organize the textual information (Laudon and Laudon 2011). The data enhances the capability of search to access relevance and new opportunities for solving current issues within the business. Figure 2: Benefits of Business Intelligence System (Source: Kanetkar and Chanchlani 2014, pp-37) Evaluating the functions of Business Support System uses to improve enterprise-wide knowledge management The business decision support system consists of the diverse group of interactive tools and designs in order to assist managerial decision-making. This system makes the management more efficient as well as effective using ad hoc as well as discretionary decisions (Foshay, Boyle and Mather 2013). The group decision support system is used to aid the group of decision makers such as executive committees as well as effort teams. This system is designed to be used when the group is assembled. As for example, tallying as well as handing out the group members preferences, then the outputs are presented to the participants in order to discuss. The members are doing some common tasks such as financial monitoring as well as reporting use the centralized system (Laudon and Laudon 2011). The decision support system provides an opportunity to increase the accuracy of the data with taking rapid decisions, which further contributes to the profitability of the business (Refer to Appendix 2). Busines s Support System improves the enterprise wise knowledge management system of the organization. Data mining in Decision Support System: This system holds knowledge base that consists of facts of the decision makers. It has the capability of purchasing as well as managing descriptive knowledge. It has the capability to present ad-hoc knowledge in a cyclic report format. This system directly interacts with the decision makers to choose the flexible solutions as well as knowledge management (Caron and Daniels 2013). The manager of the organization using data mining in DSS to analyze the data through an automatic process such as Knowledge Discovery in data mining (Refer to Appendix 1). Artificial Intelligence (AI) System: Knowledge bases are combined with the AI. This system enhances the problem solving, improves the quality of decision, capability to solve vital problems as well as takes consistent decisions (Kanetkar and Chanchlani 2014). The difficulty in this system is that it extracts the needs of the knowledge expertise in order to develop the knowledge base. It is vital to extract the knowledge of the expertise and then codifies into a format that is used in the automated application. Conclusion It is concluded that the decisions, which are taken by the business, makes to determine its future. A successful business knows the process to analyze, collect as well as access the important information of business to gain strategic, tactical as well as operational decisions. Business intelligence is the use of procedures as well as technologies, which are used to transform the raw material into better information. BI and Enterprise Reporting capabilities ensure the performance management of the business. However, the solutions of BI providers integrate the view of the business data from various sources. This system enables the users to build balance scorecards, key performance indicators as well as dashboards to satisfy the role of the departments. Using business intelligence tools, the users engaged into strategic, operational as well as tactical goals, which provide them support for continuous success to acquire new clients. Recommendations The following are the recommendations that are suggested to improve the business operations using business intelligence system: Business intelligence applications should in the business process to create a hierarchical performance metric, which analyzes the performance of the business (Laudon and Laudon 2011). The performance metric is used to keep track of the marketers such as shareholders, executives, employees as well as customers. If the business organization should use benchmarking process, then the business intelligence helps the company to raise their speed as well as decrease the costs. Business knowledge discovery should be used which involves the data mining process (Yogev, Even and Fink 2013). The primary functions of the business intelligence are to organize as well as manage the data for future use. References Azevedo, A. and Santos, M., 2012. Closing the Gap between Data Mining and Business Users of Business Intelligence Systems.International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 3(4), pp.14-53. Brijs, B., 2013.Business analysis for business intelligence. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Caraganciu, A., 2013. Cultural Variations and Business Performance.International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 4(2), pp.67-71. Caron, E. and Daniels, H., 2013. Explanatory Business Analytics in OLAP.International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 4(3), pp.67-82. Foshay, N., Boyle, T. and Mather, J., 2013. A Hierarchy of Metadata Elements for Business Intelligence Information Resource Retrieval.International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 4(4), pp.33-44. Kanetkar, S. and Chanchlani, N., 2014. Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Analytics approaches towards Efficient Predictions for Business Intelligence.International Journal of Computer Applications, 103(14), pp.35-39. Kuznetsov, S., 2014. BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE OF THE NEW INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE ECONOMY.jour, (4), p.78. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2011.Essentials of management information systems. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. Post, G. and Kagan, A., 2012. Business Intelligence.International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 3(3), pp.16-28. Yogev, N., Even, A. and Fink, L. (2013). How Business Intelligence Creates Value:.International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 4(3), pp.16-31.

Integrated Information Systems

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the theoretical application of integrated information systems in various organizations around the world. As businesses expand from small and medium sized firm to large cross-border enterprises, the operations become more complex.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Large organizations often encounter tough challenges, especially when it comes to managing the complexity of operations involving many stakeholders and diverse units. The effective management and coordination of the operations of the mega enterprises requires a smooth flow of reliable information. Traditionally, firms utilize orthodox systems that do not provide timely and inclusive information. This paper seeks to investigate and reinforce the significance of employing Integrated Information Systems (IIS) to help managers run the large ente rprises better from a central point. The essay reveals that the integrated information systems include the automation software platforms that have been developed to help managers control organizational data with a view of establishing a perfect position to supervise each unit. Introduction Information is one of the most valuable resources of a firm around which business processes unfold. The overall performance of a firm is contingent on its ability to manage the flow of information between its constituent elements. Managerial decisions largely depend on the carefully analyzed information including on-going projects, distribution, demand forecasting, customer communication, production, stock levels, and supplier information among many other constituents of a business firm. In the advent of rapid globalization, technological dynamics, and inter-organizational dependency that shape the modern-day business, the need for appropriate information management systems is inevitable to handle the plethora of complex operations. The term ‘digital firm’ has gained popularity to define this emerging trend in contemporary business. In the last one decade, a new class of integrated software applications has emerged with a view of enabling the digital firm to manage the complexity of the information involved effectively. This paper critically analyzes the integrated information systems that can help the digital firm manage flow of information efficiently to promote the smooth flow of the organizational processes and profitability.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Review Over the past decade, rapid changes in technology that have greatly affected the way modern business is conducted have been witnessed. There has been notable advancement in technology, especially in the facilitation of information flow and sharing between the different stakeholders of the modern business firms (Laudon Laudon, 2013). The impact of digitization on business can be exemplified by looking at the current functionality of the stakeholders. The utilization of integrated information systems that have been catapulted through digitization, the modern firm now has an unlimited power of information sharing and dissemination across its stakeholders regardless of the complexity and distance involved. For instance, the digitization technology has reshaped various business models by lowering the barriers to the entry and expansion of markets by enterprises across the globe. For instance, it is possible for an organization to engage over 500 million Skype users using the Voice-Over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology today (Alaa Fitzgerald, 2013). This business communication model has fundamentally disrupted the traditional business strategies. As a result, many companies have opted to follow suit in the fear of missing the competitive advantage brought abou t the technology. Currently, firms rely heavily on the social media for the creation of brands, launching of products, and communication with customers among many other service provisions surrounding the marketing activities. Consumers also use the internet to search information regarding products that they can even be bought offline. They compare products and prices besides involving other online groups in discussions and views on particular brands (Laudon Laudon, 2013). It is the role of the digital firm to act in response to this emerging consumer behavior by adopting the appropriate integrated information systems to capture the changing customer needs. The strategy can help the firms gain a competitive edge over their rivals. Today, the web plays a key role in the retail channel that has ultimately disrupted traditional business practice. Digitization has led to the emergence of new winners and losers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated I nformation Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms such as the Amazon Inc., whose annual sales totaled US$3.2 Billion in 2001, skyrocketed to approximately US$49 billion in 2011. The firm emerged as a winner in its industry while the losers including the brick-and-mortar retailers and Borders lost their market shares. This situation led to the dissolution of such firms. The primary role of information is to merge all business operations and functions for proving the base for managerial decisions. The goal of managing information is to achieve the intended enterprise objectives including improving the firm’s performance and sustaining growth. Some of the benefits of the effective information systems include better understanding of the business functions, appropriate problem analysis, and value-added communication among the different constituents of an enterprise. Other advantages include the formulation of prompt and info rmed decisions for better firm control. The performance of businesses is largely based on the implemented information systems. Efficient information systems are compared to a library system that provides useful data to all the management levels in the firm. The library plays a critical role in the collection, classification, and archiving of data that the whole community relies on to retrieve the information required guiding various decisions. The decisions on different tasks bring about an improved overall performance of the firm when they are implemented appropriately (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Enterprises need efficient and properly integrated information systems to evade losing the ground in the rapidly changing business environment. The information provides enterprises with numerous competencies including the realization of low-cost production and excellent customer services. The Disconnect of the Traditional Information Systems The traditional business models face the problem of non-conformity to the changing business environment. Traditional firms utilize the orthodox information management systems and tools that do not match the contemporary business demands. A substantial amount of literature puts forward numerous problems associated with the traditional information systems.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Firstly, they adopt a top-down decision-making process where senior managers formulate orders for the less informed subordinates to implement (Laudon Laudon, 2013). The lack of proper coordination of information due to the burdening hierarchical management system, the firms fail to notice the changes in the organization. Secondly, they lack information systems to link the departments. This disconnection leads to failed functions, duplication of reports, and delayed communication, a situation that affects the overall performance of the enterprise. In most organizations, the separate departments including the accounting, human resources (HR), marketing, sales, and production had independent information systems (Laudon Laudon, 2013). In the orthodox management plan, strategic decision-making was challenging since the acquisition of information for analysis involved long processes. Data regarding the various departments was availed in the form of separate files with different versions that the general manager had to spend several days to analyze before making decisions. With each department having separate computer programs to operate, it implied that there were multiple files created. In a five or ten-year span, the size of files created can be enormous, giving the management the burden of handling and loss of time. These problems can be a source of demotivation, fatigue, and increased turnover rates. Firms that utilize the traditional information handling methods are prone to failure owing to the lack of coordination and duplication of roles that result in resource wastage and untapped opportunities (Mabry, Chengho, Bigler, 2014). The planning process conducted without up-to-date information results in recurring failure in the enterprise. Some researchers argue that planning cycles in the traditional firms can be too long, and do not match the pace of the changing business environment. Such problems make the management of firms hard because they rely on the t raditional methods concentrating on past scenarios. The traditional data handling systems are also faced with the problem of data redundancy and inconsistency (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Such instances and adverse trends can be resolved using the modern integrated information systems that communicate between the internal and external environments of the enterprise. The modern management practice also boosts the coordination of the operations with a view of establishing a central information system to oversee each unit. Organizing the Information Systems in a Digital Firm Many modern firms have acknowledged the role of information as an ingredient of the organizational communication function. The IT department in most companies manages the organization of information (Mabry et al., 2014). Its governance entails the policies and strategies that govern the utilization of technology to handle the company information. It guides the decision-making processes (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Furthermor e, it draws the accountability framework to ensure that the appropriate technology is executed to facilitate the smooth flow of information in the organization. The systems form a part of a series of value-adding activities for acquisition, transformation, and distribution of information that can be utilized by the managers to improve decision-making. Organizations face challenges that stem from both the internal and external environments. Information systems are designed to offer reliable solutions to such organizational challenges (Mabry et al., 2014). The information systems transform data into meaningful knowledge to guide decision-making with an aim of improving the performance of the enterprise. According to Mabry et al. (2014), the realization of the organization’s strategic goals is derailed in situations where they fail to adopt management information systems. The systems help the organization improve the customer relations, functional superiority, value-added decisi ons, and market effectiveness among others. Technically, the systems help in the collection of data, storage, and timely dissemination of information from the external and internal environments of the firm with a goal of supporting the organizational functions (Balfe, Sharples, Wilson, 2015). These operations can be classified as input, processing, and output. They play a central role in the provision of solutions to problems facing the business initiatives of the enterprises. Organizing the information systems involves the adoption of viable business models, shaping a culture that supports it, and generating the political will through the appropriate leadership models to convert the efforts into a prosperous organization. To obtain a meaningful value of the information systems, organizations ought to show the support for the technology investment, suitable complementary investments, and proactive management styles. The complementary investments include the relevant corporate cultu re, employee behavior, new business models and processes, high technology standards, favorable regulation and legislation, and the will to maintain an up-to-date information system. Some scenarios involve the fortification of the managerial and organizational structure, especially during the introduction of new technology (Bafe et al., 2015). Theoretical Application of the Integrated Information Systems The digital firm embraces integrated information systems that promote an accurate handling of information to ensure that the different departments in an enterprise receive and share timely information from a central point (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). To achieve this transformation, numerous technological developments have been tested and proven efficient in the management of information. They mostly revolve around the utilization of computer software as discussed extensively in this section. Enterprise Resource Planning One of the most proactive and proven IIS software is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. This software helps business firms integrate a range of business functions and processes with a view of establishing a central system for managing the overall business errands (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). This software has been adopted mainly by not only the multinationals but also small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This move has enabled them cut the unnecessary operational costs. The ERP concept can be discussed from different viewpoints. At the outset, it is a marketed product sold as computer application software. Secondly, the ERP can be seen as a development goal mapping all enterprise data and processes into a comprehensive and integral structure. Thirdly, it can be viewed as a key component of an infrastructure that provides apt business solutions (Uà §aktà ¼rk Villard, 2013). The ERP system is designed to promote an aggressive and efficient business strategy with a view of enabling firms to manage their resources including the materials , workforce, suppliers, customers, and finance. It provides a wholesome and integrated solution for the enterprise’s information processing needs. The ERP also provides the standardization of the business processes across the firm. It is known for its business revolutionizing capabilities including the automation and integration of the firm’s processes, sharing of common data and practices across the entire business, and providing access to information in a real-time environment. The ERP can improve the business processes while cutting the perceived operational costs. The two significant frontiers for the software include the supply chain management and e-commerce (Drnevich Croson, 2013). The capabilities and effectiveness of the ERP have been tested through its widespread application in the supply chain management whereby it is linked with other business functions. Firms can slash the cycle times and reduce the inventory with the help of the ERP. Despite its widely c ited implementation costs, the ERP has evaded expensive errors that enterprises make with the traditional handling processes. A substantial amount literature also provides the evidence-based success factors for the ERP in spite of its expensive installation costs. The ERP concept is represented in figure 1.0 showing how the information from the different constituents of an enterprise can be controlled from a central point. Figure 1.0 The ERP systems concept The successful implementation and functionality of the ERP system is contingent on its alignment with the organizational processes and correspondence to the enterprise culture, strategy, and organizational structure (Uà §aktà ¼rk Villard, 2013). The system seeks to improve both the fundamental and front-end functions of the enterprise simultaneously. Various reports indicate that the ERP has gained substantial market popularity due to its capability to include additional business functions such as the Internet-based transacti ons and communications. The users are reaping the benefits of managing the information from a system that permits more processes to be included in addition to the ones configured initially. Evidence-Based Application of the ERP System as an Integrated Information Tool Numerous companies that are among the leading firms worldwide have applied the ERP system. The main enterprise software vendors include the Oracle, SAP, and SSA Global. Currently, there are versions of the ERP software packages designed for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) obtainable via the webs offered by various service providers (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). These systems can communicate with the external business elements including the customers, suppliers, and other organizations alongside the initial design for the internal operations of the firm. The ERP framework provides value to the firms by increasing the operational efficiency. It also integrates firm’s information into the system thereby underp inning the formulation of decisions that are more informed. Large companies whose operations are highly complex involving long supply chain, distant units, and numerous management departments have attested the effectiveness of the ERP (Laudon Laudon, 2013). The system helps the companies by providing them with standardized data that is used by all the stakeholders regardless of their different locations. For instance, the implementation of the SAP enterprise software enabled the Coca-Cola Company to standardize and coordinate its business processes in over 200 countries around the globe. Before the adoption of the SAP enterprise software, the company was having trouble leveraging its global business processes. The implementation of the ERP system led to an increased worldwide buying power of the company’s products and response to the rapid market changes (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). The ERP systems help firms respond timely to requests and orders from the customers since the sof tware facilitates the integration of information on the incoming orders, manufacturing processes, and delivery of data. In this way, the firm manufactures in response to the orders made by the customers (Drnevich Croson, 2013). In addition, this integration enables the procurement process to determine the amount of the raw materials to be acquired in response to the manufacturing needs of refilling the actual orders (Drnevich Croson, 2013). Similarly, the Alcoa Company made a groundbreaking reduction of the transaction costs after implementing the Oracle enterprise software. The software also resulted in the decrease of the redundant processes and systems. Prior to the implementation of the ERP, the company took exceedingly long before receiving the payments for delivered products due to the absence of a system to process the receipts (Balfe et al., 2015). Following the successful acquisition and implementation of the Oracle ERP system, the Alcoa Company accounts payable transacti on processing saw an 89% sharp drop. The Impact of Integrated Information System on Supply Chain Management The effectiveness of the ERP system has been proved to have significant effects on the supply chain management, especially in the mega companies where the operations can get more complex (Uà §aktà ¼rk Villard, 2013). The supply chain of any business is made up of various components that include the business processes, resource goods, production means, and distribution networks. It involves many players such as the firm, suppliers, distribution channels, and customers (Blessing Mavengere, 2014). These constituents are involved in the core functions of the business that are associated with the financial transactions. Managing the functions in a multinational organization can be tricky (Balfe et al., 2015). At this stage, the integrated information systems such as the ERP come into play. A system is needed to control the procurement of raw materials, transform them into interm ediate and finished commodities, and coordinate the distribution of the finished products to the customers. The management needs to have access to the information about each unit in the complex supply chain to support the formulation of better decisions for the firm. This acquaintance will also help in the evaluation of the economic position of the activities at any point in time. Inefficiencies in the supply chain management can occur due to the absence of an appropriately integrated system that can avail the information on each of the complex units involved. Major inefficiencies observed in the supply chain include component shortages, underutilized plant capacity, deficient or surplus finished products inventory, exorbitant transport costs, delayed deliveries, and little customer information coordination among other crucial errors. Instances such as the manufacturers keeping excessive inventory due to the lacking information about shipping are common. As a result, the stock level increases. This situation escalates the stocking costs. The enterprise system software helps evade a scenario that can waste up to 25% of the operational costs of the firm. The system enables the manufacturer gain access to information on the exact number of units of a particular product that the customers require and exact time of production and delivery. The ERP has been proven to promote the just-in-time strategy for manufacturers whereby the production perfectly corresponds to the customer needs and delivery time (Blessing Mavengere, 2014). Information systems facilitate the supply chain management in many ways. At the outset, it helps firms decide when and what to produce, store, and distribute (Blessing Mavengere, 2014). In addition, it promoted rapid communication and tracking of order requests from the clients and checking inventory levels and availability. The ERP systems have contributed to reducing costs of inventory, transportation, and warehousing. It facilitates the t racking of shipment for raw materials from the suppliers. Besides, it monitors the distribution of finished products to the retail outlets and customers in different regions and countries around the globe, particularly for the global business firms. The integrated information systems help manufacturers plan production activities by scheduling the production activities in line with the customer demands (Drnevich Croson, 2013). Moreover, the systems provide a rapid communication framework for product design changes in response to the customer tastes and shifting market forces. The supply chain system is designed to help firms plan and execute manufacturing procedures successfully. Furthermore, they underpin the modeling of the supply chain, creation of demand projections, and coordination of supplies and manufacturing decisions. On the other hand, the supply execution systems help firms manage the flow of products from the manufacturing and distribution channels to the right destinat ions. The information systems also assist in the tracking of the physical conditions of products, management of materials, warehousing, and transportation operations. Besides, they confirm the financial information associated with the above operations. The major software vendors for supply chain management include the Manugistics and i2 Technologies. In addition, the enterprise software vendors including the SAP and Oracle-PeopleSoft provide various supply chain management modules. A perfect example of the utilization of the supply chain systems is demonstrated by the Dubai Ports (DP) World, a leading terminal operator in the world. It adopts a customer-centric approach that supports its supply chains in more than 50 terminals located in over 40 countries globally. The system helps the DP World provide excellent innovative services in the handling of bulk, container, and terminal cargos. The firm gives customers priority by heavily investing in tech-savvy resources to provide qualit y services. The DP World helps shippers around the globe handle the complex supply chains involving container handling. Through the adoption of the ERP systems, the DP World has managed to ease congestion challenges rampant in the container terminals (Drnevich Croson, 2013). It utilizes numerous information technology-based solutions that have improved the terminal capacity use significantly. The automated system conducts functions such as the recording, analysis, authentication, reporting, and clearance of the shipment using the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) interface. The information system also offers an opportunity for both traders and consumers to manage orders and deliveries online. The introduction of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has led to various advantages. At the outset, the management of the distribution logistics has been improved owing to the faster clearance of the shipment. This situation has significantly increased the flow of traffic th ereby reducing congestion at the facility. The DP World customers can boast of the easier cargo clearance and transportation to the offshore destinations. This strategy was achieved through the upgraded truck management that saw the prevention of queues in the terminals thereby reducing the number of trucks on the public roads. Application of Integrated Information Systems in Customer Relationship Management Marketing researchers have more often contended that establishing a knowledge base about a firm’s customers is the most competitive phenomenon in the modern-day business environment. The traditional assumption of gaining a competitive edge by moving the highest quantity of products or demonstrating the best innovation has been recently challenged by the notion of understanding customer analysis. A sustainable firm’s growth and profitability do not only depend on constant innovation but also the proper understanding of the consumer dynamics. This situation can be ac hieved by the utilization of the best information systems in the customer relationship management (CRM) strategy (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Developing a system that enables the realization of the consumer needs and their consumption behaviors among others is the focus of the CRM. For large companies with diverse market niches, it is not an easy task to know the consumers closely. This situation creates a need to come up with the best strategic information systems to facilitate an accurate synthesis of all the information incoming from different channels including telephone, websites, social media, and face-to-face communication. The CRM seeks to gather and integrate, consolidate, analyze, and redistribute consumer data to various contact points that include communication through e-mails, telephone, websites, wireless devices, and/or retail sites. Advanced CRM packages have modules for partner relationship management (PRM) and employee relationship management (ERM). The PRM software hel ps promote the association between the firm and its partners including suppliers, shareholders, and sponsors. On the other hand, the ERM software deals with the workforce issues such as employee performance, formulation of goals, compensation, appraisals, recruitment, and training among others. Software such as the Sales Force Automation (SFA) utilized in the CRM systems help the sales workforce to speed up the production processes by directing more efforts towards the most valuable and profitable customers. The SFA generates information on the sales prospects, contact, and configuration of the best candidates for substantial prospective purchases. It communicates this information to the sales personnel to underpin the formulation of better decisions. The CRM systems generate useful information including the amount of revenue made against the costs incurred in servicing the customer (Laudon Laudon, 2013). This analytical CRM function is geared towards establishing the customer life time value (CLTV) that portrays the long-term firm-consumer relationship. Conclusion This paper stresses the role of integrating information into a firm. It is evident that poor handling of information can result in a massive company failure due to the lack of appropriate coordination of the different operational units. The paper has presented how the integrated information systems can be utilized to manage the digital firm to eradicate a plethora of problems that accrue due to the continued use of the orthodox systems. The size of information involved escalates as businesses become more complex, especially with the effect of globalization where firms engage in cross-border transactions. As a result, the firms face a tough challenge of ensuring that the crucial information is disseminated timely to the complex units. In response to this complexity, various innovative software-based technologies have been developed to ease the challenge. Reference List Alaa, G., Fitzgerald, G. (2013 ). 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Management of Integrated Information Systems: Ma naging the digital firm. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mabry, S., Chengho, H., Bigler, W. (2014). Quantifying the value of the service-oriented approach to business information systems. Business Studies Journal, 6(1), 1-22. Uà §aktà ¼rk, A., Villard, M. (2013). The Effects of Management Information and ERP Systems on Strategic Knowledge Management and Decision-making. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99(1), 1035-1043. This research paper on Integrated Information Systems was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.